Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 11 Articles
Aim of the present study to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract from L. elongata collected from Rameswaram coast southeast coast of India. The sea urchin were extracted with methanol and concentrated by using rotary evaporator at 40°C. The methanolic extract was tested by agar well diffusion method against 5 human pathogenic bacteria, named as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera and Klebsiella oxytoca. The highest activity was observed for K. oxytoca and V. cholerae at 20 mm and 17 mm respectively; whereas the S. typhi and S. aureus showed the lowest activity at 14 mm and 13 mm at 1000 µg/ml respectively. The Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was estimated, the broth dilution method that was observed as 400 µg/ml for K. oxytoca; whereas the V. cholerae observed at 800 µg/ml, which the S. typhi and K. pneumoniae reported MIC at 1000 µg/ml respectively. The methanolic extract of L. elongata showed good antibacterial activity against the clinical pathogens. The present findings on the sea urchin demonstrate that this species may form the basis for the source of active manner of antibacterial potential in future....
The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer property of polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum. Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was collected from the mangrove environment. Hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation method was used for extracting crude polysaccharide. Yield of crude polysaccharide was recorded as 20.5%, total sugar content of the polysaccharides was found to be 95.6% estimated by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional characteristic absorption of polysaccharide, the IR band around at 781.17 cm-1 indicated the presence of sulfate ester groups, which signifies that it was a sulfated polysaccharide. The crude hot water polysaccharide was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose column (16.5 × 1.3 cm) column chromatography. A total of 28 fractions of each 5 ml were collected among these three active fractions (F-17, F-18 and F-19) were subjected for anticancer activity against cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) in different concentrations using MTT assay. In this study, Fraction 19 showed highest cytotoxicity against Hela cell line with IC50 values of 271.46 µg/ml. The obtained results in this study showed that the sulfated polysaccharide have the ability to reduce the risk of cancer through their cytotoxicity activities....
Escherichia coli remains as one of the most important bacteria causing infections in pediatrics and producing extended-spectrum\nbeta-lactamases (ESBLs) making them resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. In this study we aimed to genotype ESBL-producing E.\ncoli isolates from pediatric patients for ESBL genes and determine their association with antimicrobial resistance. One hundred\nof the E. coli isolates were initially considered ESBL producing based on their MIC results. These isolates were then tested by\npolymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence or absence of CTX, TEM, SHV, GES, and VEB beta-lactamase genes. About\n30.5% of isolated E. coli was ESBL-producing strain. The TEM gene was the most prevalent (49%) followed by SHV (44%), CTX\n(28%), VEB (8%), and GES (0%) genes. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were susceptible to carbapenems (66%) and amikacin\n(58%) and showed high resistance to cefixime (99%), colistin (82%), and ciprofloxacin (76%). In conclusion, carbapenems were the\nmost effective antibiotics against ESBl-producing E. coli in urinary tract infection in North of Iran. The most prevalent gene is the\nTEM-type, but the other resistant genes and their antimicrobial resistance are on the rise....
Purpose: Because of the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria, a number of\ninfectious diseases have become a major concern to treat in health care services worldwide.\nThis situation is worsened by the fact that very limited progress has been made in\ndeveloping new and potent antibiotics in recent years. In this context antimicrobial peptides\n(AMPs) represent new potential therapeutic compounds with bactericidal or bacteriostatic\nactivity against closely related bacterial strains.\nMethods: In this study, a collection of enterococci (n=170) from clinical sources were\ninvestigated for their potential to inhibit multiresistant nosocomial enterococci from Iranian\nhospitals.\nResults: Four isolates produced antimicrobial peptides that inhibited all the antibiotic\nresistant enterococci. This included three Enterococcus faecium isolates producing\ncombinations of enterocin A, B and L50 AB. The most potent antagonism was produced by\nE. faecalis HO 91. Purification and subsequent characterization by MALDI-TOF MS,\nEdman degradation and DNA-sequencing revealed that the antimicrobial compound was\nHiracin. The purified Hira cin was evaluated for antibacterial activity against 12\nmultiresistant enterococcal isolates from clinical samples. The results demonstrated that\nHira cin is highly effective towards enterococci which were resistant even to antibiotics\nfrom four distinct classes.\nConclusion: The present research addresses Hira cin as a promising alternative to\nconventional antibiotics in treatment of multiresistant enterococcal infections....
Shigellosis is global human health problems, especially in developing countries. During the period between April and December, 2011 and 2012, the epidemiology of shigella was studied among diarrheal children in Tanta, Egypt. The incidence of shigella-associated diarrhea was 6.5%, with S. flexneri being the most common serogroup isolated (59.4%). Shigella-associated diarrhea was more prevalent in warm months and during the second year of life. Common symptoms included vomiting (69.8%), fever (54.2%) and distension (46.9%). Bloody diarrhea, however, occurred in only 14.6% of cases. Multiplex PCR was done for the detection of virulence genes (ipaBCD, set1A, sen, stx, virF and invE). The ipaBCD gene was present in all isolates, while the set gene was present only in 47.4% of S. flexneri isolates and absent in other Shigella species. The stx gene was detected only in 61.5% of S. dysenteriae and absent in other species. High frequency of resistance for shigella isolates was observed to ampicillin (92%), amoxicillin (89%) and cefaclor (90%), while low rate of resistance was noticed to colistin (18%) and gentamicin (9%). Imipenem showed the highest activity where all tested isolates were sensitive to this drug....
This study was carried on 89 vancomycin resistant staphylococci (VRS) that were collected from different clinical samples including urine, sputum, nasal swaps and wound pus from Tanta university hospital. Out of these, 88 (98.8 %) were vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and only one vancomycin resistant caogulase negative staphylococci (1.2 %). The highest percentage of VRS was isolated from wound pus followed by sputum while the least percentage was from nasal swaps and urine. MICs of vancomycin against VRS isolates were determined by agar dilution method following CLSI guidelines. Biofilm formation was tested by adherence of selected isolates on the wells of microtitration plates using crystal violet. It was found that biofilm formation increased in highly resistant VRS isolates. Cell surface hydrophobicity of the selected isolates was measured. The hydrophobicity index (HI) was calculated and it was directly proportional to the vancomycin MICs....
In the present study a total number of fifty six morphologically different bacterial strains were isolated from the sediment sample collected from Vellar estuary, South east coast of India. The isolated strains were screened based on the screening tests and from these eighteen strains were determined as biosurfactant producing bacteria using the selected screening tests. Eleven isolates were identified as gram negative whereas the remaining seven strains were gram positive. The response of the screening tests was different and the isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Bacillus sp. and Vibrio sp. The drop collapse test showed the maximum positive result followed by emulsification activity, hemolytic assay and oil spreading techniques. From this Pseudomonas sp. (SS10) with good surface tension reduction activity was selected for the biosurfactant production and were partially characterized as rhamnolipid....
Dental film can be a better option for sustained release of drug for local drug delivery in case of periodontitis as higher concentration of drug can be released at the intended site with reduction in side effects. Evaluation of formulation by in-vitro study was done by kill kinetics. The study was to perform in-vitro study by kill kinetics of chitosan dental film containing tobramycin. In-vitro drug release was done by kill kinetics which was carried out on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC No. 29737 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC NO. 25175. Kill kinetics study showed a sustained release of drug from the film for up to 7 days on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans....
The aim of this work was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus\nisolates from orthopaedic patients and their plasmid carriage. A total number of 39 S. aureus were\nisolated from wound, skin and bed of orthopaedic patients in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching\nHospital Zaria, Nigeria with the use of API STAPH identification kit. Antibiotics susceptibility test was\ndone using disc agar diffusion test, plasmid analysis was also carried out. A high percentage (97.4%) of\nthe S. aureus isolates were susceptible to both vancomycin and gentamicin followed by ciprofloxacin\n(94.9%) and pefloxacin (84.6%). The S. aureus isolates were highly resistant to the following antibiotics:\nampicilin (94.9%), ceftriaxone (79.5%), cefoxitin (64.1%) and amoxicillin - clavulanic acid (59%). The\nantibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 29.4% of S. aureus with plasmids were multi-drug resistant\nbeing resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. In the plasmid analysis 60.7% of the S. aureus\nisolates had plasmids with size range 9.2 to 13.3 kb. Plasmid-coded antibiotic resistance encompasses\nmost classes of antibiotics commonly used at the forefront of clinical antibiotic therapy....
The aim of the present study is to purify L-methioninase from Candida tropicalis 34.19-fold with 27.98% recovery after ion exchange\nchromatography followed by gel filtration.The purified enzyme revealed a single band on SDS-PAGE gel with a molecular weight of\n46 KDa. Its optimum temperature was 45 to 55 and thermal stability was 55âË?Ë?C for 15 min. The enzyme had optimum pH at 6.5 and\nstability at a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0 for 24 hr.The maximum activity was observed with substrate concentration of 30...
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens causing serious complications\nin patients in hospitals and community. The clinical significance of K. pneumoniae is mainly due to its ability to acquire\nmultiple antibiotic resistance genes. In this study we report the findings of a survey of plasmid mediated quinolone\nresistance in Extended-Spectrum �²-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae in Kuwait.\nMethods: Clinical samples were collected from the microbiology laboratories of three major hospitals. Isolates were\nconfirmed as ESBL-producers by disc diffusion method and PCR for the presence of bla genes. Antimicrobial\nsusceptibility testing and genetic analysis were performed to detect the presence of a number of genes conferring\nresistance to �²-lactam and fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents including blaSHV, blaTEM, aac (6')-Ib-cr, qnrA, qnr B\nand qnrS. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for typing the isolates.\nResults: In total 173 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were detected. qnr genes were identified in 27 (15.6 %) isolates and\naac(6â�²)-Ib Ib-cr gene in 26 (96 %). One (3.7 %) contained qnr A2, 21 harbored qn rB1 (78 %) and 5 (18.5 %) contained qnrS.\nTwenty one (78 %) isolates contained all three bla genes. PFGE showed diverse profiles.\nConclusion: We identified for the first time the emergence of the mobile fluoroquinolone resistance qnr A2 in a clinical\nisolate in the middle east and also showed the dissemination of aac (6')-Ib-cr, qnr B, and qnrS genes among\nESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in Kuwait. The abundance of plasmid mediated resistance to fluoroquinolones\namong ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae is alarming as it facilitates therapy failure. Preventing the spread of these\nisolates is crucial if we are to sustain the effectiveness of the limited choices we have left in antimicrobial therapy....
Loading....